Mortgage lenders typically review the past 2 to 3 years of your financial history, and a default or bankruptcy can show up for 6 years or more. If your history is in another country, the answer changes: the lender cannot look back at all until you hand the record over yourself.
For a domestic application, the lookback is roughly this:
• Bank statements — 3 to 6 months, sometimes 12 for the self-employed
• Income and employment — 2 to 3 years, longer if you trade for yourself
• Credit file — 6 years of negative markers in the UK, 7 in the US
• Bankruptcy, foreclosure, a County Court Judgment — visible well beyond that, and always declarable
Recent behaviour carries the most weight. An overdraft last month matters more than a missed payment four years ago.
Buying abroad? The lookback works differently.
A Spanish, Portuguese or French lender has no way to pull your UK or US credit file. There is no cross-border credit database, and the registries in those countries only record local defaults. So the bank’s own lookback into your history is, in practice, zero.
What happens instead is that the bank asks you to produce the record. When you apply with foreign income, the document list generally includes a credit report from your home country alongside your payslips, tax returns and statements. The bank is not reading it for a score — it is checking two things: debts you did not declare, and defaults.
That has a consequence people do not expect. A clean twenty-year record abroad gives you nothing to show, because those registries record only what went wrong; there is no positive history to import. Your defaults can cross the border. Your good standing cannot. That asymmetry is a large part of why a non-resident file is written with a bigger deposit than a resident one.
What the lender weighs instead is what you can prove today: current income, existing debt payments wherever they are in the world, and the deposit you have available. How credit scores work in Spain covers which registries a Spanish bank actually checks, and what a clean record there is worth.
